Blood tests and diagnostics recommended for senior dogs

Senior dogs require regular blood tests and diagnostics to monitor their health and catch age-related conditions early. As dogs age, their organs and systems become more susceptible to diseases such as kidney failure, liver disease, diabetes, or cancer, making routine veterinary screenings essential. The frequency of these tests depends on the dog’s age, breed, and health status, but annual screenings are generally recommended, with biannual testing (every six months) often advised for dogs over ten or those with existing health concerns.

Why blood tests are important

A comprehensive senior dog wellness panel, tailored to the individual dog’s needs, helps veterinarians establish a baseline for health and detect subtle changes over time. In addition to blood work, other diagnostics like imaging or fecal exams may be included based on the dog’s risk factors, breed predispositions, or clinical signs. Consulting with a veterinarian ensures the diagnostic plan is customized to the dog’s specific needs, lifestyle, and medical history.

The complete blood count (CBC) test

You’ve probably heard of this test in human medicine. A complete blood count (CBC) is a cornerstone of senior dog diagnostics, providing a detailed look at the dog’s blood cells. This test evaluates red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets to identify conditions like anemia, infections, or clotting disorders. For example, low red blood cell counts may indicate anemia, while elevated white blood cell counts could signal an infection or inflammation. In senior dogs, a CBC is particularly valuable for detecting underlying issues such as chronic inflammation or early signs of leukemia.

This test is typically performed annually as part of a routine wellness exam, but more frequent testing may be warranted if the dog shows symptoms like lethargy, weakness, or unexplained bruising.

Chemistry panel

The chemistry panel or biochemistry profile is another critical component, assessing organ function and metabolic health. This blood test measures levels of enzymes, proteins, and electrolytes to evaluate the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. For instance, elevated liver enzymes may suggest liver disease, while high blood urea nitrogen (BUN) or creatinine levels can indicate kidney dysfunction.

In senior dogs, this panel is vital for catching early organ decline, as conditions like kidney disease are common but often asymptomatic in early stages. Annual chemistry panels are standard, with more frequent monitoring for dogs with known organ issues or those on long-term medications that may affect the liver or kidneys.

Thyroid testing

Thyroid testing, particularly measuring T4 and free T4 levels, is recommended for senior dogs, as hypothyroidism is prevalent in older canines, especially in breeds like Golden Retrievers and Dobermans. This condition, characterized by low thyroid hormone production, can cause symptoms such as weight gain, lethargy, and skin issues.

Early detection through annual thyroid testing allows for effective management with medication, improving the dog’s quality of life. If a dog shows signs of thyroid dysfunction, veterinarians may recommend more frequent testing or additional diagnostics to confirm the diagnosis and adjust treatment.

Urinalysis as a blood test complement

Urinalysis complements blood tests by evaluating kidney and bladder health. This test analyzes urine concentration, pH, and the presence of protein, glucose, or bacteria, helping to diagnose conditions like urinary tract infections, kidney disease, or diabetes mellitus. In senior dogs, urinary issues can develop silently, so annual urinalysis is advised as part of routine care. For dogs with a history of urinary problems or diabetes, more frequent testing may be necessary to monitor ongoing conditions or response to treatment.

Other diagnostics

Additional diagnostics may be recommended based on the dog’s breed, health history, or clinical signs. A heartworm test is often included in annual screenings, especially in regions where heartworm disease is prevalent, to ensure early detection and prevention. Fecal exams are also advised to check for intestinal parasites, which can affect nutrient absorption and overall health in older dogs.

For breeds prone to heart conditions, such as large breeds like Great Danes or Boxers, veterinarians may suggest imaging like chest X-rays or an echocardiogram to assess heart function. Similarly, the SDMA (symmetric dimethylarginine) test is a newer tool for detecting early kidney disease, often included in senior panels for more precise monitoring.

These specialized tests are typically performed annually but may increase in frequency if abnormalities are detected or if the dog is at higher risk for specific conditions.

In conclusion

A tailored diagnostic plan for senior dogs, combining blood tests, urinalysis, and other screenings, is essential for maintaining their health and catching issues early. Annual testing is generally sufficient for healthy senior dogs, but biannual or more frequent diagnostics may be necessary for older dogs or those with chronic conditions.

Regular veterinary consultations ensure that the testing schedule and specific diagnostics are appropriate for the dog’s unique needs, promoting a longer, healthier life.